Residuos TIC

Preservación del patrimonio digital

Argentina | Australia | Brasil | Belize | Canada | Colombia | Chile | España | Francia | Portugal | Suecia |
| United Kingdom | Uruguay | U.S.A. | Venezuela

Argentina

Legislación

Ley 25.750 preservación de bienes y patrimonios culturales (regula la propiedad de los medios, incluido Internet)

Ley N 25.119 crea la Cinemateca y Archivo de la Imagen Nacional

Ley 24.687 plazo de conservación de los telegramas

Ley 23.820 compete al Archivo General de la Nación la recuperación de la memoria audiovisual del pueblo argentino, debiendo detectar y conservar la documentación fílmica y televisiva

Residuos de dinero (electrónico)

Ley de Lealtad Comercial [2.12.2004] modificada por Ley 25.954

Artículo 9º bis. En todos aquellos casos en los que surgieran del monto total a pagar diferencias menores a cinco (5) centavos y fuera imposible la devolución del vuelto correspondiente, la diferencia será siempre a favor del consumidor

Enlaces

Archivo General de la Nación

Australia

Legislación

The Archives Act 1983 officially established the Australian Archives. The Act empowers the Archives to preserve the archival resources of the Commonwealth – those records designated ‘national archives’. The Act also establishes that the public generally has a right of access to Commonwealth records that are more than 30 years old. It makes it illegal to destroy Commonwealth records without the permission of the Archives, unless another law states that a particular group of records must be destroyed.

The Freedom of Information Act 1982 provides for public access to documents kept by Commonwealth Government departments. Departments must state the types of information they keep in their annual reports. When a member of the public requests information, the department must identify and preserve all relevant sources, including records, until a final decision on the request is made. The Act also sets out how the department may correct, annotate or update records if a member of the public shows that the information in them is false.

The Privacy Act 1988 aims to prevent Commonwealth agencies from misusing information about members of the public. It says that agencies can only use information about individuals for lawful purposes and these purposes must relate directly to the functions or role of the agency. The information agencies keep must be secure, accurate, relevant, complete, and not misleading. The Act also gives people a right to see records about themselves.

Records over 30 years old are exempt from the Privacy Act. Access to these records is controlled through the Archives Act.

All agencies need to take account of evidence legislation. A court may need to examine records as evidence of an organisation’s decisions and actions. General advice on the impact of the Evidence Act 1995 is given in Records in Evidence: The impact of the Evidence Act on Commonwealth recordkeeping.

You might think, from the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 that you no longer need the Archives' permission to dispose of existing, paper-based Commonwealth records if you retain an electronic form. But according to the Australian Government Solicitor, the obligations placed on agencies under the Archives Act 1983 in relation to the preservation and disposal of Commonwealth records continue to apply. See Archives Advice 61 - The Electronic Transactions Act and disposal of Commonwealth records for further information.

Enlaces

National Archives of Australia

Pandora (www.nla.gov.au/policy/plan/pandora.html)

Belize

Legislación

Belize Archives Act (2000)

Brasil

Legislación

Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil

Artigo 23.  É competência comum da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios:

I - Zelar pela guarda da constituição, das leis e das instituições democráticas e conservar o patrimônio publico;

...

III - proteger os documentos, as obras e outros bens de valor histórico, artístico e cultural, os monumentos, as paisagens naturais notáveis e os sítios arqueológicos;

IV - impedir a evasão, a destruição e a descaracterização de obras de arte e de outros bens de valor histórico, artístico ou cultural;

V - proporcionar os meios de acesso a cultura, a educação e a ciência;

...

Decreto-Lei 3.365, de 21 de junho de 1941,  Dispõe sobre desapropriações por utilidade pública.

Lei  5.433, de 8 de maio de 1968, Regula a microfilmagem de documentos oficiais e dá outras providências.

Lei 8.159, de 8 de Janeiro de 1991, dispõe sobre a política nacional de arquivos públicos e privados e dá outras providências.

Enlaces

Arquivo Nacional

Canadá

Legislación

Loi sur la Bibliothèque et les Archives du Canada, [2004, ch. 11]

Attendu qu'il est nécessaire :

a) que le patrimoine documentaire du Canada soit préservé pour les générations présentes et futures;

b) que le Canada se dote d'une institution qui soit une source de savoir permanent accessible à tous et qui contribue à l'épanouissement culturel, social et économique de la société libre et démocratique que constitue le Canada;

c) que cette institution puisse faciliter au Canada la concertation des divers milieux intéressés à l'acquisition, à la préservation et à la diffusion du savoir;

d) que cette institution soit la mémoire permanente de l'administration fédérale et de ses institutions,

Copie de qualité archivistique

11. (1) L'administrateur général peut, par écrit, exiger que lui soit remis un exemplaire de tout enregistrement mis à la disposition du public au Canada qu'il estime présenter un intérêt historique ou archivistique justifiant sa préservation. La demande peut être adressée à quiconque est habilité à rendre l'enregistrement accessible et précise les modalités de la remise, y compris la forme et la qualité archivistique de l'exemplaire.

Enregistrement

(2) Constitue un enregistrement tout support d'information dont le contenu -- notamment sons et images -- n'est utilisable qu'au moyen d'une machine.

Frais

(3) L'administrateur général assume les coûts réels de réalisation de l'exemplaire. Il n'assume cependant pas ceux de Sa Majesté du chef du Canada ou de ses mandataires.

Application

(4) Le présent article lie Sa Majesté du chef d'une province.

Propriété

(5) Les exemplaires reçus au titre du présent article appartiennent à Sa Majesté et font partie du fonds de Bibliothèque et Archives du Canada.


Le texte modifie la Loi sur le droit d'auteur  ...

Copie d'une oeuvre déposée dans un service d'archives

30.21 (1) Ne constitue pas une violation du droit d'auteur le fait, pour un service d'archives, de reproduire, en conformité avec le paragraphe (3), une oeuvre non publiée déposée auprès de lui.

1999, ch. 31, art. 60(A)

(2) L'alinéa 30.21(3)a) de la version anglaise de la même loi est remplacé par ce qui suit :

(a) the person who deposited the work, if a copyright owner, did not, at the time the work was deposited, prohibit its copying;

1997, ch. 24, par. 18(1)

(3) Les paragraphes 30.21(5) à (7) de la même loi sont abrogés.

Application

(4) Le paragraphe (1) s'applique à l'oeuvre non publiée déposée auprès d'un service d'archives avant le 1er septembre 1999 ou à compter de cette date

Québec Loi sur les archives 1983

 

Enlaces

Library and Archives Canada / Bibliothèque et Archives Canada

Archives nationales Québec

Colombia

Legislación

Ley 594 de 2000, por medio de la cual se dicta la Ley General de Archivos y se dictan otras disposiciones

Ley 57 de 1985, sobre publicidad y acceso a los documentos públicos

Ley 39 de 1981, sobre microfilmación y certificación de archivos

Ley 163 de 1959, sobre protección de patrimonio cultural

Decreto 4124 de 2004, por el cual se reglamenta el Sistema Nacional de Archivos, y se dictan otras disposiciones relativas a los Archivos Privados

Decreto 998 de 1997, por el cual se reglamenta la transferencia de la documentación histórica de los archivos de los organismos del orden nacional, al Archivo General de la Nación, ordenada por el decreto 1382 de 1995

Enlaces

Archivo General de la Nación

Chile

Legislación

Decreto con Fuerza de Ley N° 4 (1991) Reglamenta normas sobre el registro y requisitos de la microcopia y micrograbación de documentos y otras materias referidas a la Ley N° 18.845.

Ley 18.845 (1989) Establece Sistema de Microcopia o micrograbación de documentos pertenecientes a la administración pública centralizada y descentralizada, y de registros públicos.

Artículo 6.  Queda prohibida la destrucción de todo documento de valor histórico o cultural, aunque haya sido microcopiado o micrograbado. Se entenderá que tienen tal carácter aquellos a que se refiere el inciso primero del artículo 3° de esta ley y respecto de los cuales el Conservador del Archivo Nacional ejerza el derecho de oposición que establece este artículo. La prohibición señalada en el inciso anterior se hace extensiva a los documentos pertenecientes a los archivos privados que hubieren sido declarados monumentos nacionales de conformidad a la ley, o a cuyo respecto el Conservador del Archivo Nacional señale fundadamente la necesidad de preservarlos por su valor histórico y cultural y manifieste su oposición a la destrucción.

Enlaces

Archivo Nacional de Chile

España

Legislación

Decreto de 22 de noviembre de 1901, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de Archivos del Estado. (Gaceta de Madrid, 26/11/1901)

Decreto de 24 de julio de 1947, sobre ordenación de los Archivos y Bibliotecas y del Tesoro Histórico-Documental y Bibliográfico. (BOE, 17/08/1947)

Decreto 914/1969, de 8 de mayo, de creación del Archivo General de la Administración Civil. (BOE, 26/05/1969)

Real Decreto 2598/1998, de 4 de diciembre, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de Archivos Militares (BOE Nº 303, de 19/12/1998).

Real Decreto 426/1999, de 12 de marzo, de creación del Archivo General de la Guerra Civil Española. (BOE, 13/03/1999)

Real Decreto 1969/1999, de 23 de diciembre, por el que se regula la expedición de la tarjeta nacional de investigador para la consulta de los archivos de titularidad estatal, adheridos al sistema archivístico español. (BOE, 13/01/2000)

Real Decreto 139/2000, de 4 de febrero, por el que se regula la composición funcionamiento y competencias de la Comisión Superior Calificadora de Documentos Administrativos. (BOE, 11/02/2000)

Real Decreto 1164/2002, de 8 de noviembre, por el que se regula la conservación del patrimonio documental con valor histórico, el control de la eliminación de otros documentos de la Administración General del Estado y sus organismos públicos y la conservación de documentos administrativos en soporte distinto al original. (BOE 274, 15/11/2002)

Real Decreto 937/2003, de 18 de julio, de modernización de los archivos judiciales. BOE nº 181, de 30 de julio de 2003).

Enlaces

Archivos

Archivos Españoles en Red

Archivo Histórico Nacional

Justicia

[5.9.2005] Juzgado de Instrucción número 16 de Madrid: diligencias previas al ex presidente del Gobierno José María Aznar, en relación a una querella por presunto delito de infidelidad en la custodia de documentos, por el borrado de archivos informáticos realizado en el Palacio de la Moncloa tras perder el PP las elecciones de marzo de 2004. Ver noticia.

Ver: La destrucción y borrado informático de documentos, una práctica habitual con cada cambio de gobierno

Miguel González, El equipo de Aznar borró los archivos informáticos de Presidencia antes de irse

La Abogacía del Estado estima que no hay datos suficientes para saber qué tipo de documentos destruyó el Gobierno Aznar

Francia

Legislación

Loi n° 79-18 du 3 janvier 1979 sur les archives complétée par les décrets du 3 décembre 1979 :

n° 79-1035 relatif aux archives de la défense
n° 79-1037 relatif à la compétence des services d’archives publics et à la coopération
entre les administrations pour la collecte, la conservation et la communication des archives 
publiques
n° 79-1038 relatif à la communicabilité des documents d’archives publiques. 
Une décision du Conseil d’Etat du 8 avril 1994 (ministère des affaires étrangères/Mme Jobez) 
a constaté l’illégalité de deux dispositions du décret étendant la restriction de communication 
à des documents non concernés par la loi.
n° 79-1040 relatif à la sauvegarde des archives privées présentant du point de vue de l’histoire un intérêt public

Enlaces

Archives de France

Portugal

Legislación

A obrigatoriedade de incorporar em arquivos públicos a documentação histórico-cultural de interesse nacional e internacional é referida em vários diplomas legais, nomeadamente nos 

Lei n.º 107/2001, de 8 de Setembro, de Protecção e Valorização do Património Cultural

Decreto-Lei  447/88, de 10 de Dezembro

Decreto-Lei 16/93, de 23 de Janeiro  

Decreto-Lei 60/97, de 20 de Março

Enlaces

Instituto dos Arquivos Nacionais - Torre de Tombo

Suecia 

Legislación 

The government reached a decision on May 8, 2002, to issue a special decree relative to the work done by the Royal Library in acquiring, preserving and making accessible everything found on the Swedish Internet.

The question, whether the Royal Library had the right controlling such an operation only indirectly approved by the authorities, has dogged the project since its implication in 1996.

The Royal Library's initial interpretation of the legislation was that there was nothing in the text preventing the collecting of web sites. The library has nevertheless maintained a wait-and-see policy and rejecting all inquiries requesting permission to access the material.

Last summer (2001) the situation came to a head when a private individual queried the legitimacy of the project. The supervising public authority of the Swedish Data Inspection Board conceded the person a certain degree of right. The Royal Library lodged a public complaint, a complaint also registered in a PM to the appropriate government department.

Minister of education, Tomas Östros and members of staff positioned themselves in the matter and gave the Royal Library its full support. After consideration of the parties concerned the decree (2002:287) was accepted May 8, 2002 and authorises the Royal Library too not only collect Swedish web sites on the Internet but also to allow the public access to it within the library premises.

Enlaces

Kulturarw3- Long time preservation of electronic documents

United Kingdom

Legislación

Legal Deposit Libraries Act, 2003

8. Activities in relation to non-print publications: copyright etc. 

    (1) In Chapter 3 of Part 1 of the 1988 Act (acts permitted in relation to copyright works), after section 44 insert-

"44A     Legal deposit libraries

    (1) Copyright is not infringed by the copying of a work from the internet by a deposit library or person acting on its behalf if-
 

    (a) the work is of a description prescribed by regulations under section 10(5) of the 2003 Act,

    (b) its publication on the internet, or a person publishing it there, is connected with the United Kingdom in a manner so prescribed, and

    (c) the copying is done in accordance with any conditions so prescribed.

    (2) Copyright is not infringed by the doing of anything in relation to relevant material permitted to be done under regulations under section 7 of the 2003 Act. 

    (3) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision excluding, in relation to prescribed activities done in relation to relevant material, the application of such of the provisions of this Chapter as are prescribed. 

    (4) Regulations under subsection (3) may in particular make provision prescribing activities- 
    (a) done for a prescribed purpose,

    (b) done by prescribed descriptions of reader,

    (c) done in relation to prescribed descriptions of relevant material,

    (d) done other than in accordance with prescribed conditions.

    (5) Regulations under this section may make different provision for different purposes. 

    (6) Regulations under this section shall be made by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament. 

    (7) In this section-  
    (a) "the 2003 Act" means the Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003;

    (b) "deposit library", "reader" and "relevant material" have the same meaning as in section 7 of the 2003 Act;

    (c) "prescribed" means prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State."

    (2) In Part III of the Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997 (S.I. 1997/3032) (database right), after Regulation 20 insert-
 

"Exceptions to database right: deposit libraries     

20A.  (1) Database right in a database is not infringed by the copying of a work from the internet by a deposit library or person acting on its behalf if- 
    (a) the work is of a description prescribed by regulations under section 10(5) of the 2003 Act,

    (b) its publication on the internet, or a person publishing it there, is connected with the United Kingdom in a manner so prescribed, and

    (c) the copying is done in accordance with any conditions so prescribed.

     (2) Database right in a database is not infringed by the doing of anything in relation to relevant material permitted to be done under regulations under section 7 of the 2003 Act. 

    (3) Regulations under section 44A(3) of the 1988 Act exclude the application of paragraph (2) in relation to prescribed activities in relation to relevant material as (and to the extent that) they exclude the application of section 44A(2) of that Act in relation to those activities. 

    (4) In this Regulation- 
    (a) "the 2003 Act" means the Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003;

    (b) "deposit library" and "relevant material" have the same meaning as in section 7 of the 2003 Act."

Enlaces

    Digital preservation
UK Government Web Archive

Este sitio permite recuperar cronológicamente todas las versiones anteriores de un determinado sitio web, pero NO permite realizar búsquedas libres sobre las versiones anteriores.

 

Los archivos recuperados incluyen (en forma no visible la leyenda).

SOME FRAME SRC'S ON THIS PAGE HAVE BEEN REWRITTEN BY THE WAYBACK MACHINE
OF THE INTERNET ARCHIVE IN ORDER TO PRESERVE THE TEMPORAL INTEGRITY OF THE SESSION. 

FILE ARCHIVED ON ______________ AND RETRIEVED FROM THE
INTERNET ARCHIVE ON ________________
ALL CONTENT MAY BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)).

y no incluyen ninguna exclusión de robots (Robot Exclusion Standard); aun así estos archivos no son (en la práctica) recuperables con los motores de búsqueda mas generalizados Google, Yahoo o Altavista.

 

ver por ejemplo los datos archivados para el sitio www.iijusticia.edu.ar en: WayBackMachine http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.iijusticia.edu.ar 

Uruguay

Legislación

Archivos de Internet

Decreto 273/97 La Comisión del Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación es responsable de la preservación de obras, objetos, documentos, yacimientos arqueológicos y paleontológicos que se consideren Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación. Interviene en la planificación y ejecución de proyectos macro regionales y mundiales en el área de su competencia, a través de las comisiones técnicas del MERCOSUR y del Patrimonio Mundial, así como en otros Organismos

Residuos de dinero (electrónico)

Ley 17.189 sobre relaciones de consumo (30.9.1999)

U.S.A.

Legislación

17 USC 108

Section 108. Limitations on exclusive rights: Reproduction by libraries and archives

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this title and notwithstanding the provisions of section 106, it is not an infringement of copyright for a library or archives, or any of its employees acting within the scope of their employment, to reproduce no more than one copy or phonorecord of a work, except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), or to distribute such copy or phonorecord, under the conditions specified by this section, if -

(1) the reproduction or distribution is made without any purpose of direct or indirect commercial advantage;

(2) the collections of the library or archives are (i) open to the public, or (ii) available not only to researchers affiliated with the library or archives or with the institution of which it is a part, but also to other persons doing research in a specialized field; and

(3) the reproduction or distribution of the work includes a notice of copyright that appears on the copy or phonorecord that is reproduced under the provisions of this section, or includes a legend stating that the work may be protected by copyright if no such notice can be found on the copy or phonorecord that is reproduced under the provisions of this section.

(b) The rights of reproduction and distribution under this section apply to three copies or phonorecords of an unpublished work duplicated solely for purposes of preservation and security or for deposit for research use in another library or archives of the type described by clause (2) of subsection (a), if -

(1) the copy or phonorecord reproduced is currently in the collections of the library or archives; and

(2) any such copy or phonorecord that is reproduced in digital format is not otherwise distributed in that format and is not made available to the public in that format outside the premises of the library or archives.

(c) The right of reproduction under this section applies to three copies or phonorecords of a published work duplicated solely for the purpose of replacement of a copy or phonorecord that is damaged, deteriorating, lost, or stolen, or if the existing format in which the work is stored has become obsolete, if -

(1) the library or archives has, after a reasonable effort, determined that an unused replacement cannot be obtained at a fair price; and

(2) any such copy or phonorecord that is reproduced in digital format is not made available to the public in that format outside the premises of the library or archives in lawful possession of such copy.

For purposes of this subsection, a format shall be considered obsolete if the machine or device necessary to render perceptible a work stored in that format is no longer manufactured or is no longer reasonably available in the commercial marketplace.

(d) The rights of reproduction and distribution under this section apply to a copy, made from the collection of a library or archives where the user makes his or her request or from that of another library or archives, of no more than one article or other contribution to a copyrighted collection or periodical issue, or to a copy or phonorecord of a small part of any other copyrighted work, if -

(1) the copy or phonorecord becomes the property of the user, and the library or archives has had no notice that the copy or phonorecord would be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research; and

(2) the library or archives displays prominently, at the place where orders are accepted, and includes on its order form, a warning of copyright in accordance with requirements that the Register of Copyrights shall prescribe by regulation.

(e) The rights of reproduction and distribution under this section apply to the entire work, or to a substantial part of it, made from the collection of a library or archives where the user makes his or her request or from that of another library or archives, if the library or archives has first determined, on the basis of a reasonable investigation, that a copy or phonorecord of the copyrighted work cannot be obtained at a fair price, if -

(1) the copy or phonorecord becomes the property of the user, and the library or archives has had no notice that the copy or phonorecord would be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research; and

(2) the library or archives displays prominently, at the place where orders are accepted, and includes on its order form, a warning of copyright in accordance with requirements that the Register of Copyrights shall prescribe by regulation.

(f) Nothing in this section -

(1) shall be construed to impose liability for copyright infringement upon a library or archives or its employees for the unsupervised use of reproducing equipment located on its premises: Provided, That such equipment displays a notice that the making of a copy may be subject to the copyright law;

(2) excuses a person who uses such reproducing equipment or who requests a copy or phonorecord under subsection (d) from liability for copyright infringement for any such act, or for any later use of such copy or phonorecord, if it exceeds fair use as provided by section 107;

(3) shall be construed to limit the reproduction and distribution by lending of a limited number of copies and excerpts by a library or archives of an audiovisual news program, subject to clauses (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a); or

(4) in any way affects the right of fair use as provided by section 107, or any contractual obligations assumed at any time by the library or archives when it obtained a copy or phonorecord of a work in its collections.

(g) The rights of reproduction and distribution under this section extend to the isolated and unrelated reproduction or distribution of a single copy or phonorecord of the same material on separate occasions, but do not extend to cases where the library or archives, or its employee -

(1) is aware or has substantial reason to believe that it is engaging in the related or concerted reproduction or distribution of multiple copies or phonorecords of the same material, whether made on one occasion or over a period of time, and whether intended for aggregate use by one or more individuals or for separate use by the individual members of a group; or

(2) engages in the systematic reproduction or distribution of single or multiple copies or phonorecords of material described in subsection (d): Provided, That nothing in this clause prevents a library or archives from participating in interlibrary arrangements that do not have, as their purpose or effect, that the library or archives receiving such copies or phonorecords for distribution does so in such aggregate quantities as to substitute for a subscription to or purchase of such work.

(h)(1) For purposes of this section, during the last 20 years of any term of copyright of a published work, a library or archives, including a nonprofit educational institution that functions as such, may reproduce, distribute, display, or perform in facsimile or digital form a copy or phonorecord of such work, or portions thereof, for purposes of preservation, scholarship, or research, if such library or archives has first determined, on the basis of a reasonable investigation, that none of the conditions set forth in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (2) apply.

(2) No reproduction, distribution, display, or performance is authorized under this subsection if -

(A) the work is subject to normal commercial exploitation;

(B) a copy or phonorecord of the work can be obtained at a reasonable price; or

(C) the copyright owner or its agent provides notice pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Register of Copyrights that either of the conditions set forth in subparagraphs (A) and (B) applies.

(3) The exemption provided in this subsection does not apply to any subsequent uses by users other than such library or archives.

(i) The rights of reproduction and distribution under this section do not apply to a musical work, a pictorial, graphic or sculptural work, or a motion picture or other audiovisual work other than an audiovisual work dealing with news, except that no such limitation shall apply with respect to rights granted by subsections (b) and (c), or with respect to pictorial or graphic works published as illustrations, diagrams, or similar adjuncts to works of which copies are reproduced or distributed in accordance with subsections (d) and (e).

Enlaces

MINERVA - Mapping the INternet Electronic Resources Virtual Archive

RCRA Online

CyberCemetery:   The University of North Texas Libraries and the U.S. Government Printing Office, as part of the Federal Depository Library Program, created a partnership to provide permanent public access to the Web sites and publications of defunct U.S. government agencies and commissions.

Venezuela

Legislación

Ley de Archivo Nacional (1945)

 

Otros enlaces

Nordic Web Archive (NWA)